Discussion# 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 2 - Assignment ExampleThis method is appropriate where a investigator has an equal chance of distributeing each unit of a population required for the study. The other type of probability method is systematic sample. The method entails collecting of variant samples from specific lists of the units required in the study (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011). on that point are five common types of non-probability sampling that detectives tend to use when carrying out a study. One of these types is know as quota sampling. In this particular method, the main aim that researchers target is the groups focused have to be relative with the population being studied. The other type of non-probability method is convenience sampling. In this method, researchers manage to include various units in the sample that are easily to access. The other type is purposive sampling. This method is where a researcher relies on his own judgment in selecting various units necessary for the study. The oth er type is self-selection sampling. This method entails some(prenominal) units or cases to choose on their own to participate in the study. The fifth type of non-probability method is bamboozle sampling. This method is appropriate when the population necessary to participate in the study is hidden or the researcher cannot manage to find it in an easy way (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011).The most common types of sampling methods seen in care for research reports are those related to non-probability sampling. Most of these methods include, purposive sampling, quota sampling and snowball sampling (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011). This methods support soft research where nurses are mostly concerned with the process of the study rather than the outcome (Gravetter & Forzano, 2011).Risk of selecting a bad sample This entails determining the possible consequences that may emerge when a researcher tend to select a sample not of significance importance in the study (Gravetter & Forzano,

The time machine ch9-12 summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The sequence machine ch9-12 summary - Essay ExampleHe is convinced that people are kept unused and strong through variety of needs and dangers. The Time Traveler takes a nap and then he moves to open Sphinx and then he gets the Time machine. He finds the door open by the time he gets Sphinx and then he throws his club. (Wells 10)Time traveler decides to farther forward in time and he begins to excoriation travelling first as the evening approaches. He stops on a beach as he watched the sea moving slowly. After standing for sometimes, he realizes that he is surrounded by crabs, though he manages to escape. (Wells 11)In a flash, Time Traveler sees someone named Hillyer, though it is not clear to him, exclusively when he wakes up he realizes that it was a dream though the Time mould was in a totally different place. In the house, the Time Traveler hears the guest eating. Everyone looking at the Time Machine is looking worn though they are consoled by the Time Machine. The narrator was suppose to narrate them a story but then he decides to disappear but by the time he comes up e finds the Time Machine and the Time Traveler are already gone. (Wells

Does Brand Equity Have a Positive Effect on Spin-off's Performance Dissertation

Does Brand impartiality Have a Positive Effect on Spin-offs Performance - Dissertation ExampleSince 1980s, many another(prenominal) large corporations in the US had been successfully restructured. Restructuring made many companies in traditional industries survive from crisis. Enterprises thereof regained the momentum of growth and rebuilt competitive advantage. Therefore, corporate restructuring was unrivalled of the most important sources that made the US firms scrap remount the top in the world. Because of this, the US corporate restructuring practice had become the model to follow by European and Japanese companies, and developed into a wave across Eurasia and even the whole world. It had become one of the most significant challenges in international management in 1990s. Typically, large transaction and corporate finale will be front-page news and very controversial topic. One of the recent year big issues is krafts relegate. Only 18 months after the significant hostile t akeover of the UK-listed chocolate manufacturer Cadbury in September 2009Kraft made another relatively important announcement that within the next 12 months, the $48bn abstruse will be split into two publicly traded companies, creating a global snacks business with revenues of $32bn and a $16bn northerly America focused grocery business. The goal is to create a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionary and quick meals, with an exception portfolio of leading brands around the world. With Cadburys leading positions and significant scale in nominate developing country such as India and Mexico as well as Europe, it becomes much easier for Kraft to split (Rappeport, 2011). This investigate is motivated by the case of Krafts strategic buy to split, aiming to use a number of methodologies find out the relationship between brand equity and conglomerate spin-off. It starts with the motives, value make of corporate spin-offs, combing the brand equity effect, analyzing spin-offs capita l punishment related to brand and not related to brand. portion 2 will review literatures about brand equity, brand equity measurement and its prime greatness in some corporate activities. It will also provide a review of existing research on the topic of spin-offs, and list them in order to have clear observation of the spin-off functioning of both short-term and long-term tested by various methods in different researches. Section 3 is about data collection, which includes85large spin-offs in different fields worldwide in the past two decades. By analyzing the minutes, two streams will be formed one contains spin-offsthat related to brand equity the other is for those transactions not brand equity related. This section contains explanations of the rational used to decide is a spin-offis or not suitable for the final sample to test. Section 4 will focus on using methodology to test spin-off performance from the sample on the announcement day and long-term stock performance in o rder to find out if brand equity based spin-offs could generate more bring in than non-brand equity strategic spin-offs. The method will be selected from previous research. The results will be delivered in the side by side(p) section, showing aggregate values and indications. Analyzing and discussion of the result and assumption will be included in the sixth section. Section 7 of this research is the conclusion and the limitation of this research. Appendixes and bibliography will come up at the end of this paper. 2. Literature

Self evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self evaluation - Assignment ExampleIn the Critique of Practical Reason (2012), the philosopher considers the matt imperative as an act in such a way that the maxim of your will can always simultaneously hold as a linguistic rule of a universal legislation. Another formulation can be found in his work call The Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (2011) You use humanity, whether in your own persona or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means. Kant believed that the categorical imperative is an obligatory law. All pot should follow it regardless of their nationality, wealth, etc. Universality and strict devotion were the two main characteristics of the categorical imperative. Compliance with the categorical imperative is the highest human duty. Despite the humanistic character of this idea, it might be dangerous, because in some cases, blind adherence to this principle can lead to tragic consequences. In this regard, I am a support er of consequentialism in the form of the theory of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is based on the the claim that an act is morally right if and only if that act maximizes the good (Sinnott-Armstrong, 2011). In other words, forethought is paid to the consequences of human actions to a large number of people. I believe that utilitarianism can be utilise both in social processes, and in business and professional environment.The theory of utilitarianism received its main education in John Stuart Mills ideas. Mill considered morality in its connection with the humans ultimate goal, aimed at satisfying all human desires (Wilson, 2007). Happiness presented in a form of get ahead was seen by Mill as a long-term pleasure. However, utilitarianism protested against the theory of egoism, based on the idea that people should strive to meet only their personal desires. The admissibility of pleasure or benefit is determined by their aim of

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE - Coursework manakinAll these cases negatively influence group performance and personal relationships between employees. According to Roberge et al. (2011), strong organisational culture, focus on team work, cross-cultural couching and fairness in HR practices are proved to be effective in coping with diversity-related issues.Value-based organizational culture creates a special field where people from distinguishable backgrounds share the same aims and determine. HR team should implement practices which do not conflict with personal values and traditions of employees. For instance, there are some religious holi daylights which require influence working schedule of employees. Even if the smart set is neutral to religion in its internal practices, employees should have a right to have a day off when such a holiday takes place. In order to regulate relationships between employees, organizations pay gravid attention to codes of conduct. Usually, these code s consist of universal values which can be accepted by all employees. dangerous code of conduct helps them to develop a shared vision and understand each other smash.In summary, it is a hard task to manage diversity in the organization at the same time, it is a rewarding one. When opposite people work together, they can create new innovative solutions which consider different points of view. Diversity is a strong value if people feel that their values and needs are considered by the organization, they become more loyal and productive. Finally, training for employees can help them to understand each other better if their diversity causes

Legal Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Decision Making - Case Study ExampleProsecution for crimes is ever conducted in the name of the state the en crusade being styled as State versus the name of the defendant. The prosecutor has a duty of establishing the guilt of the accused beyond any reasonable doubt. A crime usu all toldy includes offences homogeneous rape, robbery, murder, theft etc where the penalty for these cases ranges from hanging to fine. On the other hand, civil law concerns the violation of private rights be to an individual in his capacity as an individual for practice refusing to pay a loan or defaming someone. Unlike pitiful cases, the proceedings in civil cases be instituted in the appeal of law by the plaintiff himself and the burden of proving his claim rests on him. If the plaintiff succeeds in a civil action, the defendant pass on be ordered by the court to compensate him by paying damages. 2Although there ar already written consequences a person who has been proved guilty is subject ed to, the decision of cases varies on the argument of twain the defendant and the plaintiff in case of civil case and in case of a criminal case, and outcome of the case depends on the argument of the prosecutor and the accused. For this case, the judgement of each particular case depends on the uniqueness a particular case.It happens that cases that are similar in nature, t... A contract is usually defined as an agreement between two or more persons which is intended to seduce legally cover obligations. The word binding is used for there are some contracts which are reasonable but are not enforceable in a court of law. There are already predetermined consequences that go with suit in case on breaches a contract but it does not mean that all those who breach a law of contract will be subject to the same consequence. The outcome of the case will depend on the uniqueness of a particular case. 3One of essentials of a valid contract is that a contract is created with an intention of creating a legal relation. Agreements of a purely domestic or social nature are generally not enforceable contracts. Whether or not the parties intended to create legal relations is a question of fact to be inferred from all the raft of a case. For example in a case between Balfour vs. Balfour held in 1919. In this case, the defendant was civil servant in Ceylon. While he and his wife were on leave in England, it became apparent that because of ill-health, the wife would not be able to return to Ceylon. The husband promised to pay her thirty pounds a month whilst forced to live apart. He failed to pay, and his wife sued on the contract. It was held that the husband was not liable because there was no necessary implication from the circumstances of the parties that they intended to make a legally binding contract. It was more like a domestic constitution between husband and wife rather than a contract. (Penrose, 2005) On the other hand, if on examining the facts of a family agre ement, the court reaches the conclusion that legal relations can be inferred, the contract will be enforced. For example, a case held between Simpkins vs. Pays in 1955. In this

Fascism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fascism - Essay ExampleAlthough a more full and complete analysis of fascism would ineluctably require a comparison of fascism around the globe, this particular analysis allow merely be coaxial upon European fascism and the means by which it was defined in elaborated on by its most macroscopical proponents Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. According to this level of analysis, the research will investigate Benito Mussolinis The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism and par and contrast it to Adolph Hitlers Mein Kampf. Further, the analysis will seek to consider what Hitler viewed as the primary and core helplessness of state, his thoughts and beliefs with regards to individualism, and the underlying reason why Marxists and fascists must necessarily hate one another under the definitions of fascism that will be presented. Moreover, an analysis of bigotry and anti-Semitism will be discussed as a core and positive compound that fascism, regardless of its form, seeks to engag e. Most classically of all, a fundamental level of comparison and contrast among these two characters and the means by which fascism evolved within their single(prenominal) claims will be engaged. One of the clearest levels of comparison exists among the writings of Benito Mussolini and Adolph Hitler is with respect to the degree of contempt that they both shared towards democracy and the idea and/or sagacity that people or groups of people should have the determinant right to decide what the future of their nation/state might look like. As a means of understanding this, one should consider the following abduce from Mussolini which is as follows The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing outside of it no human or sacred values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism is totalitarian, and the Fascist Statea synthesis and a unit inclusive of all valuesinterprets, develops, and potentiates the whole life of a people (Mussolini 14). Likewise, from a c areful analysis of Mein Kampf it can be concluded that some of the primary reasons for Hitler detesting the concept and practice of democracy was due to the fact that he considered it to be socialist inspired, week, ineffective, inefficient, effeminate, and patently un-German. Due to such a tumefy-knit distaste for the concept, it comes as little to no surprise that Hitler, although democratically elected, sought immediately to garner index number to himself and his henchman as a means of rapidly turning the German Republic into the Third Reich. An important concept for the reader to grasp is the fact that although Hitler and Mussolini necessarily defined the epiphany of fascism within their respective systems as well as helped to pen some of fascisms most memorable and defining texts, they were nonetheless merely the figureheads and dictators of these respective peoples. As such, the ills of fascism and the means by which it grew, if all, and was exhibited within both Germany an d Italy necessarily engages the reader with the understanding that the people of these respective systems also identified heavily with the series and approaches that their leaders put forward. At multiple times throughout Mein Kampf particular refers to what key defines as Jewish Bolshevism/Jewish Marxism. Due to the fact that

Theme park report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theme park report - Assignment ExampleMajor reasons determine in the research are world economic crisis, stiff local competition, low level of specialism of services and negative image of the company regarding safety standards and bankruptcy filing. A discussion of possible solutions followed by recommendations concludes the paper. The major recommendation is to restructure the organization to enable a flatter structure for faster conclusion making and more employee empowerment. Introduction Theme park industry has evolved immensely over time. With a smattering of theme set concentrated within US during the beginning of the 19th century, the industry has grown tremendously. US itself has 600 entertainment parks and attractions as per recent studies while Europe houses 300 of them (Woodside and Martin 2007). The industry is cyclical and is to a great extent dependent on weather conditions. For example, in US, 46% of the people prefer going to theme parks during summers, 21% pre fer spring while 18% prefer autumn season (Woodside and Martin 2007). ... The company has single(a) rights to sell products bearing these characters as well as use them for advertising and promoting the Six Flags brand (Six Flags yearbook report 2010). The theme park has been through turbulent times and had to file for bankruptcy because of the decline in visitors across its various sites. Three main reasons for this situation are as follows Deterioration of the US and European economies (yahoo.brand.edgar-online) Excessive competition from other entertainment avenues during financial crisis years Lack of differentiation from other adversary in entertainment experience provided to the customers The company needs to formulate a strategy that can dish it overcome all the above difficulties. A reduction in entry fee or general cost of entertainment, focusing on tie ups with other entertainers to reduce competition and encouraging innovation in services within the organization cult ure can be some of the solutions. We will discuss all(prenominal) of these issues and their solutions in greater detail in our ensuing sections. Methodology A research paper is uncompleted without a mention of the methods employed to analyze and conclude a paper. Research involves info collection, its analysis and finally reaching a conclusion. Methodology helps in defining the research design, the way data is collected, the validity of the data and the limitations of the research. Two types of data have been used in the research primary and secondary. Data directly garner from the company is the primary data. Secondary data is the one used from other researchers analyses. about of the data used in the ensuing paper is the secondary data from books and journals and

Care of the Patient in the Surgical Environment Essay

Care of the Patient in the Surgical Environment - testify ExampleIt will as well as demonstrate skills to use equipment within the operating theatre and knowledge in associated dangers. Body The patient Patient Miss WC (not her real name) is an 82-year-old female who was having surgery later having fallen removed her house while waiting to cross the road during the morning hours. To safeguard her anonymity and confidentiality, she will be referred as Patient WC. Such confidentiality is being bear oned in order to protect her identity and maintain her confidence in the nursing research and practice. She was diagnosed with a medial malleolus damp in her right mortise-and-tenon joint and was scheduled to undergo an internal fixation of her fracture. She has been widowed for five years now, has two children, and a mostly active social life. She is active in the local community social gatherings, joining her fellow elderly citizens in various activities like ballroom dancing. In recent years since her husbands death, she has minimise her involvement in the social activities, mostly because she still feels saddened and lonely about losing her husband of 50 years. She also has limited her physical and social activities because she oft feels easily tired and exhausted when engaging in her accustomed activities. She has no cognise medical problems, has had no previous operations, and no known allergies. Before her fracture, she has been independently rambling and has been generally carrying out her activities of daily living independently. At present, due to her injury, she has limited mobility and needs assistance in her daily activities. The initial assessment indicated that her BP was at 140/90 her height was 5 foot 4 inches and her weight was at 150 pounds placing her BMI at normal heart rate at 75 bpm breaths rate at 22 breaths per minute and her temperature at 36.5 degrees Celsius. The fracture of her medial malleolus (right) is basically a fracture of her ankle. A medial malleolus fracture represents a fracture of the body processes in the sexual area of her ankle, known as the medial malleolus (Physio Advisor, 2008). The lower leg has the two long bones of the shin and the fibula and the tibia has a bony process found in the inner aspect of the ankle, and such is known as the medial malleolus. In certain activities, underline is often placed on the tibia and the medial malleolus and this stress cause the medial malleolus to break (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). These breaks often occur in rolled ankles in instances of significant weight bearing forces. They may also be apparent during awkward landings from a jump, from falls following a direct blow to the front aspect of the ankle. It is a fracture common in running and jumping sports, usually with changes in direction in sports activities like football, soccer, rugby, and basketball (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). Patients with a medial malleolus fracture often express that they experien ce the sudden onset of a sharp and intense pain in the inner ankle or lower leg during their injury (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). For some patients, limping is possible soon after their injury, but for some others, weight-bearing is often not possible, especially where their malleolus is misplaced. These patients may often experience swelling in their ankle, including bruising and pain on firm touching (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). Pain is often exacerbated by movements or with stand up and walking.

Quantitative Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative abridgment - Research Paper idealIt consists of three parts (Anderson, Sweeney, Williams, Camm, Cochran, Fry, and Ohlmann, 2010) Arrival or input to the system hold line The divine service prep ardness An operations manager must make a trade of amongst the cost of providing good service and the cost of node wait time or machine time. The close to preferable arrangement for a manager would be that the queues are short enough that they do non annoy a customer. However, an operations manager would tolerate some hold time if it leads to a square savings in service costs. An operations manager can evaluate a service facility by looking at the total expected cost. The total cost is the sum of expected service cost plus expected waiting cost. A service cost will increase as the firm tries to increase the level of its services. Managers can have standby personnel who can be assign to a service station to short the length of the queue. Waiting cost is a reflection of t he workers mixed-up productivity and the cost of losing a customer as a result of poor service or long queue. In some service systems this cost of waiting line can be intolerably high. The fundamental advantage of using a waiting line model is that it helps a manager to become out discrepancies in service systems and take measures to eradicate them. Thereby, making the service system efficient and customers satisfied. Example MacDonalds can make use of the knowledge from this theory. The service system of MacDonalds consists of customer queues and calculate counters. The floor manager needs to decide the number of billing counters it would keep open at a disposed(p) time. He needs to forecast the customer arrival rate at a given time and match it with the number of open billing counters. In this way he would ensure that optimum counters are functioning to service customers. The aim behind this initiative is to minimize service time and customer waiting time. Mathematical Exampl e Current waiting cost/service= (1/4 min waiting) ($60/min) =$15/service New System ?= 8 customers/min arriving ?= 12 customers/min served Av waiting time in queue=Wq= ?/2? (?-?) =8/2(12) (12-8) =1/12min Waiting cost/trip= (1/12 min wait) ($60/min cost) =$5/trip Savings with more counters=$15(current system)-$5(new system) =$10/trip salute of more counters=$3/trip Net Saving=$7/trip Constant return-Time Model Service systems having constant rather than exponential service time distribution are called Constant Service-Time Model. When customers or equipment are processed according to a fixed cycle, constant service times are suitable. Since the constant rank are fixed, therefore the values of Lq, Wq, Ls and Ws would be always less than single channel model (Anderson et al., 2010). guise Simulation is the attempt to duplicate the features, appearance and characteristics of a real system. This method helps a manager to regulate the operating characteristics of a system thereby put ting him in a better position to retreat conclusions and make decisions based on the simulated models (Anderson et al., 2010). Benefits of Simulation There are multiple reasons why this motherfucker has become the most widely accepted tool by managers. Amongst these reasons are following The tool is elastic and easy to use. It can be used to analyze complex real world situations. Time compression, convey that the effects of operations policies during a particular time period can be obtained in a short time.

Biology Unit 5 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology unit 5 DB - Essay ExampleThe leaves grow from a basal rosette, and a keel provided the postulate structural reinforcement to each pitcher so the the opening is always upright.Foraging, flying or weirdo insects such as flies are attracted to the cavity formed by the cupped leaf, often by optic lures such as anthocyanin pigments, and nectar bribes. The sides of the pitcher are slippery and may be grooved in such a way so as to ensure that the insects cannot climb out. The small bodies of liquid contained inwardly the pitcher traps are called phytotelmata. They drown the insect, and the body of it is gradually dissolved. This may occur by bacterial sue (the bacteria being washed into the pitcher by rainfall) or by enzymes secreted by the plant itself. Furthermore, some(prenominal) pitcher plants contain mutualistic insect larvae, which feed on trapped aim, and whose excreta the plant absorbs (Wikipedia).During digestion, trapped prey are converted into a solution of amin o acids, peptides, phosphates, ammonium and urea. The plant obtains its mineral nutrition, particularly newton and phosphorus, from this solution.Common habitats of the pitcher plant are bogs, savannas and flat woods. The wettest parts of the bogs are favored, often restricting the species to the advance of the bogs. Pitcher plants form dense floating mats on the water on the edge of bog ponds or lakes and acidic streams. The carnivorous form of nutrition of the plant is an adaptation to the poor mineral content or acidic nature of the soil in which it grows. The soil in which it grows is usually deficient in delimitate elements such as molybdenum. Such soils are usually highly acidic and unsuitable for many former(a) plants.The modified leaves of the pitcher plant help it to catch preys that comprise not only insects but in like manner isopods, mites, spiders and the occasional frogs. What the plant does not get from the soil it grows in, it obtains from the living prey it catc hes

Marketing plan for Milk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing excogitate for Milk - Essay ExampleA marketing end is prepared for assisting the business in integrating the total marketing efforts. The intendning process begins with an attempt by the company to size up its present market situation and the factors responsible for it. Such a plan ensures a systematic approach to developing products and services to meet and satisfy the consumers needs. An established milk drunkenness manufacturer is introducing a completely tonic product - flavored milk beverages for the segment 6-12 years old. The marketing plan for this product will be as followsCurrent marketing situation Flavoured milk also cognize as value added milk is being placed by British companies for different segments of the market. are progressively targeting the value-added milk for growth opportunities as they re-align their businesses and move away(predicate) from commodity products.Current competing cost/ acquire proportionality In view of the stiff competition a nd presence of big players in the market place, the cost/profit ratio is likely to remain high with higher(prenominal) cost inputs and lower returns. We cannot put a higher price tag to recover all the costs involved.Opportunity and issue analysis So far in particular the flavoured milk market has managed to compete as some sectors of the milk and cream market all the same suffer from a lack of innovation and marketing support. Healthy eating trends are having an impact on the market which has started favouring semi-skimmed and skimmed milk.Entry/exit barriers White milk accounts for 96% of the market share. Well established brand products are also in the market. ... Flavoured milk is facing increased competion in the chilled segment from functional yoghurt drink.Benefiting from current Milk campaign An increased awareness amongst the consumers about the benefits of flavoured milk. Objectives To create a niche for itself in the existing market and mainly amongst the targeted segme nt. Money Goals To start with the company is ready to bear some losings for the initial period but the efforts will continue with renewed vigour for attaining the breakeven point as briefly as possible. Sales goals In the first year of operation, company can target to lure away at least 2-3% of the existing market. The company will try to gain as many new customers as possible. Profit goals Company is not looking for profits from the word go. It plans to go ahead with a longer perspective. But at the same time it is worth pondering that business needs to payback to financers, investors, employees and new(prenominal) s throwholders. Market Goals The market will be 6-12 yrs old kids. That means well have to target the schools, schools administrators and other faculty so that they inform the students about the arrival of a new quality flavoured milk in the market.Market Share Since we are a new entrant, that means well have to be realistic in our approach. We must understand that we ll be able to create the marketing space for our product only when we take good care of the consumer needs and quality.Consumer loyalty Let us not expect the tiny tots to be our loyal consumers overnight, as they are the ones who are very difficult to divert enblock towards a new product. Their outgo pattern will be affected with the influence of their parents and teachers. Marketing communication and promotional strategies are

Restructuring in business portfolio or its financing Essay

Restructuring in business portfolio or its financing - Essay ExampleThis company has much than 70 establishments in more than 150 countries worldwide. (gsk.com, 2009)The restructuring of the companys portfolio or capital structure can be attributed to the strategic priorities it seeks to undertake. As of 2008, the CEO of this company, Andrew Witty, stated that the GlaxoSmithKline Company had three main strategic priorities. The aim of these was to achieve sturdy harvest-home rates, reduce the level of risk as well as improve the performance (financially) in the semipermanent operations of the business.According to the CEO, the industry of pharmaceuticals is set to encounter big challenges since there willing be an unpredicted number that will lose their patent protection. This, thus, will call for the company to work even harder to forgather the client demand for brand new types of medicines and those which are better to use. As he states it, the loss of patenting will lead to a number of payers wanting an apt cost-effective kind of healthcare.This pharmaceutical company is thusly setting out to improve the consumers and patients lives, which is in line with the shareholders requirements. He did not go without noting that the industry is approach with a lot of risk and a lower rate of growth to counter the same. Therefore, the companies in context of use need to seek greater levels of return from their R&D investments.Unique to the expansion of the GlaxoSmithKline Company is its equilibrize healthcare business-group as well as an overall lesser profile of risks. The aim is, thus, to ensure a better level of discipline in the provision of capital components across the various areas of the companys businesses.This company has a future goal of generating sales revenue growth by way of supplementing chroma focused on the main small-molecule business of pharmaceuticals. This will also be through new investments in the vaccines area, which is considered to b e fast growing, and also the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 166

Summary - Essay Examplerganization ask to provide more information to the customers and teach them how to use the organizations goods and services properly and this testament decrease the cost of dealing with them. If the problem is not solved then the organization should change the manner the organizations charges money from the customer. If the problem continues then the organization should try to cut its cost by changing their highway of distribution for the customer. If nothing works, the organization should resort to end their relationship.This article has been reasoned by Hanssens et al. and in this article the author states that it is quite difficult for organizations to measure how effectively their investments in their marketing function have proven to be (Hanssens 1). For this purpose the authors develop a pattern for measuring the effectiveness of their investments in marketing. The purpose of evolution the model was to provide marketers in making decisions regardin g the selection of their products marketing mix with the aim of enhancing customer equity. The outcome of developing the model was that the researchers were able to develop pars that helped identifying how different investment factors resulted in different outcomes. For example the researchers identified and equation which helped them in identifying the impact of increasing television based advertising on the aim of acquiring

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Theory purport and Change - Essay ExampleSupervisors and managers define the goals and hold meeting with the employees regarding the amount of effort and budget mandatory to accomplish those goals. The managers take care of every employee individually and listen to their problems. Dealing with customers with efficiency and skilfully is an classical part of my workplace culture. All the employees share a set standard of rules and respect each opposites privacy. Their good behavior is not only a source of competitive advantage plainly also increases organizational effectiveness by enhancing its reputation in the market. The deadlines are met efficiently because the projects tasks are distributed among the police squad members properly. The best thing with my workplace culture is that the employees use technology based tools to communicate with each some other and the supervisors, and also with the consumers and the stakeholders. This increases trust between all the parties. Hence, the overall culture at my organization is very friendly, muscular and motivating which keeps the employees working hard enough to achieve the organizational goals and objectives, and increase productivity.

Mussolini Policies Essay Example for Free

Mussolini Policies Essaya) Relations with the Catholic church Even though Mussolini had seemed anti-clerical and had written God Does not Exist he had began forming a good family with the Roman Catholic Church beca engagement of its huge baron and influence. He had begun forming this good consanguinity by getting married in a perform in 1926 and having his devil children baptized. He had besides closed d confess some wine shops and nightclubs. In 1929 the Lateran agreement was sign(a) later on a series of meetings it had recognized the popes sovereign rule, the church had received 750 million lire cash and gee million lire in disposal bonds for the loss of the papal produces in 1860. Catholicism had too become the state religion church marriages became legal, religious education were a must in lower-ranking schools, catholic action would continue as long as it was independent of semipolitical p maneuveries and it was subordinate to the churchs hierarchy. This t reaty had gotten the church and its faithful followers on Mussolinis side.However, this treaty had fierce the radical fascistics who were anti-clerical since the independence of the church meant there would be no totalitarian rule. The church had also been against collectivism and socialism therefore when the fascist destroyed the unexpended this had brought Mussolini juxtaposed to the church. Mussolini had also strengthened this relationship by exempting the clergy from paying taxes in the mid 1920s in return the Pius XI forced Dom Sturzo to resign since he was a fierce opponent of fascism.However, some friction remained amongst the fascist political relation and the Catholic Church as the catholic youth movements rivaled the fascist youth and student government activitys. Moreover, some of the members of the catholic student organization were becoming influential and became significant leaders in the Christian Democratic P tricky in Italy after 1945 such as Aldo Moro in the 1930s, which created problems for the fascists. The pope had also disapproved of the anti-Semitic laws introduced by Mussolini. However, he had approved of the incursion of Abyssinia in 1935 since it was similar to a crusade and his intervention in the Spanish civil war in 1926 to stop the Left. Mussolinis relationship with the church remained well since they both gained a lot from their treaty. This policy had brought stomach the churchs magnate and had made Mussolinis aim to pee-pee a new fascist generation impossible.b) Education and youth movements Italian fascism like all other fascists had wanted to influence the aboriginal generation. In 1926 the Opera Nazionale Balilla was established bringing together fascist youth organizations and giving government funding. It was fit(p) under the ministry of education in 1929 and they had begun closing rival youth organizations except the catholic youth groups. In 1932 the Ballila membership became obligatory. In 1937 the ONB g et together with the young fascists to create one youth organization called Gioventu Italiana del Littorio for 6-21 year olds. The Ballila was political and it was militarized but it was also filled with sports and recreational activities, which attracted children, but 40% of the population had not joined assigning the failure of this policy.At first Italian schools had some freedom but Mussolini had appointed the philosopher Giovanni heathen to become the first minister of education. In 1923 Gentile had passed the education act which had changed education by promoting grammar schools, comport philosophy, classical studies and had not emphasized on technical and vocational education. To ensure that the schools would not spread anti-fascist ideas, anti-fascist teachers were upstage and teachers were forced to take an oath of loyalty. Mussolini had st dodgeed to really hold up schools in the mid 1930s, as schools were obliged to use fascist textbooks. In 1936 there was also a his tory textbook that had to be taught which focused on promoting a part of Italian history that would create loyalty to Mussolini. Physical education was also principal(prenominal) to have healthy kids who could go to war and be prepared for motherhood. Therefore, Mussolini had greatly impacted education in order to create loyalty to him.c) The battle of the births In order to make Italy a great post Mussolini had launched in 1927 a battle for the births so that Italys population could go from 37 to 60 million. The government started encouraging marriage by forcing more(prenominal) taxes on bachelors, awarding prizes to women with the most children, families with 10 or more children were exempted from paying taxes, loans were given to newly married couple, family allowances were introduced in 1934 finally the criminal code in 1932 had censor contraception, abortion and sterilization. This policy had failed since birth rate continued to fall in 1922 there was 147.5 births for every 1000 women of childbearing age while in 1936 it had fallen to 102.7 births. The population had only reached 44 million in 1940. However, this was only due to the falling of death rate and emigration but the government had failed to encourage early marriage as the average age at which they got married rose from the 1930s.d) The media and the arts Mussolini wanted to reverse opposition so he started by censoring newspapers in 1923 and the fascists government had taken owned 10% of newspapers which meant it did not take over press but controlled what they wrote as the editors that would oppose him would be fined or outlaw from journalism. At first the fascist government saw radio and take aim as being unimportant but this changed when the government broadcasts gaind and the ownership of radios went up to one million. Similarly, in 1924 a government film agency called Istituto Luce was created to make documentaries. In 1937 the government founded an Italian film studio called Cine citta.However, Mussolini began really using propaganda in the 1930s in order to form a new type of Italian, a heroic and unwearying one. In 1925 the cult of the Duce was launched as was the biography of Mussolini called Dux. In this book Mussolini was presented as an athlete, hard working and love the people. There were also many parades to elaborate rituals in order to revive roman spirit. The use of propaganda had support Mussolini to become more popular in the years 1929-36. However, this popularity had begun to diminish once Mussolini became more radical as he applied the anti-Semitic policy and joined WWII.Mussolini did not get involved in art as much as Hitler had but there were division within the fascists as to which type of art to support. The neo-classicists preferred architecture and art that was inspired by ancient Rome while the modernists promote data-based art. Therefore, this lead to the formation of two artistic prizes, the Cremona prize for traditional art and pr opaganda while the Bergamo prize encouraged experimentation. To try to spread access to art the fascist government organized almost 50 art exhibitions a year.e) Racial policies (Anti-Semitic laws) Early on Mussolini had not shown any signs anti-Semitism however he had been anti-Semite(a) against Africans in Libya and Abyssinia. One of the theories is that Mussolini had wanted to weaken the Jews because in the 1930s he wanted to start a war and was not sure whether they would be loyal or not. Another theory is that in 1938 Mussolini was getting closer to Germany but while Hitler never pushed him to adopt anti-Semitism he might have elect to adopt it in order to get closer to Hitler. Mussolini had started this policy by writing an article on reducing the number of Jews in 1938. He had then banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews, forbidden the Jews from jobs in civil service, teaching and PNF membership.The Jewish kids were also excluded from state schools and up to 10000 non-Itali an Jews were deported. This law had caused Mussolini to become less-traveled even within his own party who was made up of one third of Jews. The church that had a major influence had also criticized this law therefore making Mussolini even more unpopular. By 1941 6000 Italian Jews had left Italy among them were businessmen, professionals and academics therefore when they left the economy was badly affected. And wasnt implemented systematicallyf) Other areas/ points of your own Economic policies Mussolini had wanted to improve the economy to prevent foreign input this policy was called Autarky. He had adopt the battle of the grains in 1925 to improve agriculture to increase grain deed in order to show sparing strength therefore leading to nationalism. This policy had succeeded as imports were reduced by 75% between 1925 and 1935 therefore increasing Mussolinis popularity.However, to increase production of wheat he needed more bring down to plant and he started using the land sui table for citrus which caused a decrease in their production and poverty in the south still continued. Another policy he had adopted was the corporate state in 1926 to manage relationships between employer and employee so as to cooperate therefore leading to more production. By 1934 22 corporations were go under up and had succeeded to influence the economy. However, the corporations were just advisors that were dominated by fascists therefore they did what is best for them and left the workers interests aside.g) Conclusion Mussolini had adopted many policies that had gained him popularity and changed the Italian society such as the relationship with the church and influencing the media and the arts. However, when he had become more radical and adopted the anti-Semitic policy and tried to control education he had began losing popularity, which had eventually lead to his fall.To what extent was Mussolini influential in international affairs in the 1930s? After the league of nations was undermined by the Manchuria crisis therefore when Hitler had began expanding and broke the treaty of Versailles by announcing his intention to build an army of 550000 men using conscription Mussolini decided to sign the stress front on 1935 with France and Britain. This verbalise that the three countries would take action if Germany broke the treaty of Versailles further. However, this agreement fell apart when Britain did not natter Italy or France before singing the Anglo-German naval agreement in 1935, which allowed Germany to expand its navy beyond what the treaty Versailles had allowed. Mussolini had also invaded Abyssinian, which Britain and France disapproved of. Therefore this shows that his international affairs with other countries had failed.Moreover, when Mussolini had invaded Abyssinia in 1935 it had changed his foreign policy completely his relationship with Britain and France was destroyed while his relationship with Germany was improving. Although Mussolini tho ugh France and Britain would not react to this invasion the federation of Nations imposed economic sanctions since Britain was being undermined. However, Germany continued to trade with Italy and Mussolini ignored the sanctions therefore strengthening their relationship and weakening the league.In addition, Mussolini had also intervened in the Spanish civil war as he send 70000 troops to Spain to help support general Franco. Although he had failed he had sent them in order to weaken France who had a similar government as Spain and to have a naval base in the Balearic Islands to help promote Italian power in the Mediterranean.Furthermore, Mussolinis relationship with Germany had also been strengthened as they had signed the Rome-berlin axis. Italy had also walked out of the League of Nations as Germany had done. It is also said that Mussolini had adopted the anti-Semitic policy in order to get closer to Germany and to make Italy more radical. As Mussolini became closer to Hitler he had changed his foreign policy towards Austria as he allowed Germany to increase its influence over Austria. In 1938 after the newly appointed chancellor Seyss-Inquart had invited Hitler to send troops, Hitler had attacked Austria and Mussolini had not rejected. Moreover, when a crisis broke out because Hitler had wanted to invade Czechoslovakia after he demanded that the Czech government allow the German speaking are of Czechoslovakia to unite with Germany.Therefore, it seemed that Britain and France would side with Czechoslovakia therefore causing war. Mussolini played the role of peacemaker and set up the Munich conference in 1938. Mussolini was also encouraged by Britain and Frances appeasement of Hitler to avoid belligerence to start a more violent foreign policy. Mussolini had also been aware of him being the weak collaborator in the Italian-German relationship therefore this encouraged him to become violent to be more influential. He started by invading Albania in 1939. He then signed the pact of steel with Germany in 1939, which forced the two countries to support each other in case of war. This was an advantage for Germany who was likely to enter a war while Italy would be helped to expand.

Organizational Leadership Philosophy Essay Example for Free

organizational Leadership school of thought EssayThe ingredients of my leadership philosophy which I believe allow for be most effective puddle been summarized into three pages. It is undisputable that vision, quantifys, leadership development, managing adjustment, c ar for soldiers and their families and a sense of humour are in all fundamental elements in a leadership philosophy. It is in this that I have a conviction of the ideology that, a military leader must(prenominal) have a personal philosophy since it will enhance acquirement of a comprehensive and integrated view of life which is of critical essence. Personal philosophy is therefore of tyrannical necessity beca wasting disease it gives a foundation to opposite areas in life.To start with, vision is one of the most chief(prenominal) elements to be put under consideration when creating a leadership philosophy. One of this is the fact that, vision ought to be idealistic in order to reflect the mental model of the organization for now and in the future. It must too have the characteristics of appropriateness, purpose, direction and standards of excellence (Wallace, 2008). It must be simple to understand, well articulated and ambitious. The organisational vision which corresponds to commanders intent can be divided into three concepts. Operation is utilise to describe the intent of the commander.Purpose is what unifies the trading operations and involves what the organization is meant to do. Lastly, endstate is the final result that has been achieved. From the above perspective, the vision I have communicated should be understood and shared by everyone in the organization if we are to achieve our objective. We should also apply the concept of vision and revision where our vision acts as a way-point which is subject to adjustment along the way Value is the second element and it entails the morality and virtues which should form the central theme of the human nature.As an organization, t he values of the U. S. soldiers are the foundation to provide service to the country. The seven major values which hightail it this philosophy can be inhering in some(prenominal) organization which includes loyalty, duty, respect, selfless-service, honour, integrity, and personal courage. The values are moral guidelines for each soldier to lead us through the intellectual, emotional and philosophical issues that surround our lives and organization. any leader should therefore adhere to the seven values and check into that they play the central role in their leadership philosophy. Organizational success depends on the values of the company, its stand and the belief of its people.People who think that we cannot change or train values are wrong and should therefore go for basic training in the US Marine Corps model. In addition, I believe that lack of enough discussion and sense of values is the major reason for unethical behaviour which the media highlights. It is my duty there fore to establish a egg training program that will enhance values within the army. Caring for one another is the terzetto element of my leadership philosophy just as it is emphasized by the soldiers. This kind of super narrow down extends to all other people such as ensuring that soldiers and their families are taken care of.This is in as ensuring that, any mission set forth is successfully accomplished. This may appear as competitive imperatives but some(prenominal) of them must be successfully accomplished by a talented leader. Taking good care of my soldiers will involve ensuring quality life, safety, family support, proper equipment and training, and timely recognition of excellence. This aspect is greatly concurred within the army as the attribute is emphasized in form of an aggressive program which provides for and serves the soldiers welfare as an essential catalyst that ensures unit bonding.The full potential of a soldier is reached when their leaders are caring because new-fangled combat needs love and care of soldiers and soldiering. Leader development is another element made up of three meaning(a) components which include formal schooling, leader training and empowerment. Among the professional training I intend my soldiers to undergo include the Basic as well as the Advanced Non-commissioned Officer Course, and many other courses that will aid professional development.Although the formal educational courses may collide with training and exercises, subordinates must puzzle these training to sharpen their specialities. Leader development is a continuous process and I will promote attendance to formal education to supplement our professional development programs (Wallace, 2008). I will also ensure that subordinates are empowered through delegation of duties to encourage the growth of leadership within the organization The future(a) element which is inevitable will be to manage change.Frequent deployment, downsizing, modern technology, and inc reased personnel and operations tempo will require the army to deal with tremendous change. My mission and purpose for the organization will clearly elaborate the need to manage change because it will be necessary for general improvement. supplement diversity is another element of leadership philosophy which is often overlooked by many people. Soldiers from variant ethnic, religion, racial experience backgrounds should be treasured since they add value to the organization.The mechanism that I intend to use to ensure that diversity is appreciated includes open-door policy, visibility and small-group sessions in the organization. Moreover, any personnel who do not value diversity will not be tolerated. Lastly, maintaining a sense of humour ought to be preserved since it is an important element for diffusing tension (Wallace, 2008). Humour is important in developing personal rapport and enhancing the cooperation spirit. References Wallace, A. (2008). Organizational leadership Major P rinciples for Effective Leadership. A Journal of Human Resource Planning, Vol. 45, p. 23-32

Post-16 option Essay Example for Free

Post-16 preference EssayPOST 16 OPTIONSPost 16 options argon given to young people and adults by and by they finish year 11 from school. Each post-16 option offers you different qualification opportunities and a different sashay of teaching methods and assessment. Post 16 options comprises onSTUDY FULLL date6th take or college spud up an Apprenticeship, Traineeship or Supported internship take aim a part-time direction or training eat if you are employed or pop the question for more than 20 hours per weekSTUDY FULL TIMESchools, colleges and training providers offer a run of subjects and courses in which a student can study full-time. It ordinarily requires to have at least five GCSEs at commits A* to C and at least grade B in any specific subjects one chooses.6TH FORM COLLEGESA half-dozenth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where students aged 16 to 19 typically study for march on school-level qualifications, such as A-levels, BTEC and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as GCSEs. In England and Wales, education is exactly lordly until the end of year 11, the school year in which the pupil turns 16 (although this is changing in August 2013 to compulsory education until year 12 and by 2015, education will be compulsory until year 13) In the English and Welsh state educational systems, those wishing to continue may all stay on at a secondary school with an attached sixth form, transfer to a topical anaesthetic sixth form college, or go to a more vocational further education college, although, depending on geographical location, there may be little choice as to which of these options can be taken. In the independent sector, sixth forms are an integral part of secondary schools (public schools), and there is also a number of smaller-scale independent sixth form colleges.Students at Sixth Form College typically study for dickens years. Some students si t AS examinations at the end of the first year, and A-level examinations at the end of thesecond. In addition, in recent years a variety of vocational courses have been added to the curriculum. There are currently oer 90 sixth form colleges in operation in England and Wales. Most perform extremely well in national examination league tables. In addition, they offer a broader range of courses at a lower cost per student than most school sixth forms. In a few areas, administration run sixth form schools which function like sixth form colleges but are alone under the control of the local education authorities. Unlike further education colleges, sixth form colleges rarely accept part-time students or run evening classescitation needed, although one boarding sixth form college exists.Take up an Traineeship, Apprenticeship or Supported internship TraineeshipIt makes one annoy ready for micturate or for doing an Apprenticeship. They last from six weeks to six months and provide essent ial work preparation training, literacy and numeracy skills and work experience to get an Apprenticeship or different handicraft.ApprenticeshipIn an apprentice ship one has to work for an employer and train to do a specific hypothecate at the s Apprenticeships at three levelsa, Apprenticeshipb, Advanced Apprenticeshipc, Higher ApprenticeshipsEntry requirements for these apprenticeships is one must be 16 or over, living in England and not in full-time education. There are immediately nearly 200 types of Apprenticeship from engineering to boat building, veterinary nursing to accountancy. Options depend on experience and what is lendable locally. There is no set time for completing an apprenticeship. Most take between one and foursome years, depending on the level of learning capabilities. As well as working alongside and learning from experience staff, there will be off-the-job training, usually on a day-release basis at a local college or specialist training facility.The quali fications will be a study for a work-based qualification at level 2, 3 or 4, a technical certificate relevant to to the subject chosen occupation, such as BTEC or City Guilds award and Functional Skills qualifications. More studies included for certificates or other qualifications that are required in chosen occupation. Assessment includes a mix of observation by an assessor, the assessment of aportfolio of evidence and examinations. Supported internshipJust for students with learning difficulties or learning disabilities who want to get a job and need extra support to do this. They last for at least six months and are unpaid. wrench experience and an employer trains students to do a job role. Students also get to study for qualifications or other courses to get ready to take up a job.Work or volunteer while studying or training part-timeIt is a combined training or studying for a qualification and work at the same time. It doesnt have to be a paid job, student can volunteer on a project or with a charity, or get a work-experience placement in a career or job area that interests them. Colleges and training providers offer a wide range of training courses which are part-time including A levels and work-related qualifications like BTECs or NVQs. BTECs- are usually studied at school or college they are work based qualifications that are a mix between possible and theory and some work experience. NVQs- these can be taken either at school/college, finished a placement or in the work place.

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations EssayQS. Look c befully at the opening chapters of great supportations and explore some of the ways in which devil captures and keeps the interest and attention of the reader. search also how social conditions of the time inform his writing. When Dickens writes he uses three methods to interest his readers, the presentation of character, populace of atmosphere and his use of narrative, description and speech. To begin with we will look at dickens presentation of character.When my incline class first began reading great expectations I noticed that Dickens did not describe a character physically or through their thoughts, instead he describes them with two details, their surroundings and their past. For congressman we argon never told that gain is blonde or his age etc, instead we are exactly told that he has a married older sister who cares for him and that they live rather simply for example we learn that for dinner they would keep up something like buttered bread which suggests that they throw off poor nutrition.We are also told about the fact that when arrive at was younger his parents died along with five of his siblings, which suggests that he comes from a family that were and still are struggling and this suggests that they are living in the popular social conditions of the time which were harsh cold, poor hygiene, no hot water or heat, high infant mortality rate etc and this is also suggested at the bottom of page two when Pip says I was undersized for my age and not strong, the house they live in is also described as world in the marsh country this method of Dickens I found to be quite prominent as I have not before read a book that does the same, however I think it is very effective because it allows the reader to paint their own picture of the characters and pass them a great insight into the characters and helps them to understand the characters actions, thoughts and words.This also allows the reader to become more involved in the novel and then the readers interest is already being drawn in.These social conditions, so far mentioned inform the novel a great deal as it is the story-line of this young boy from a poor background, and because he has been raised by hand that this child is so meek and innocent, and because of this innocence, and by chance, he is given the opportunity to become someone, quite literally, a man of great expectations In the first two chapters it is also notice able-bodied that Dickens st crafts to give particular traits to each character to make them individual, such as Mrs Joe Gargery Was the evil step-mother while her husband Mr Joe Gargery was the low-keyed and almost wimpy yet kind man. Dickens narrative technique is also very powerful. distant most novels the action starts almost straight away. By page two we are shocked by the very sudden arrival of Magwitch with the shocking and almost frightening line Hold your noise We are suddenly completely sucked in to the story when we find very quickly that Pip, the young boy we have become fond of is in danger and that Magwitch has only just escaped from a prison send out and is in desperate need of food, drink and possibly a file, if he will be able to make a full escape. This makes the first chapter become very exciting.Also it counts quite realistic because Magwitchs spoken language is very powerful because it is so graphic, blunt and colloquial. Also Magwitch not only speaks in the way you would expect a convict to speak but he dresses how you would expect as well.Dickens uses many marcher clauses and he also uses the word and a lot yet he uses it with style and it makes his writing seem much more rhythmic, for example in the third paragraph in the first chapter when Pip is singing us of his first memory, he says My first most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things and that the piddling bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip Dickens mai nly keeps our attention by using drama such as when Magwitch enters on page two.Another way in which Dickens sustains the readers attention is his use of language in the way he writes. For example the type of words he uses to describe the new characters intrigues the readers so that they want to know more such as when Mr Joe Gargery is being introduced, In the middle of page six, Pip describes him as being a sort of Hercules in strength, and also in weakness. This seems to be very confusing and makes the reader want to continue in the story in aim to figure out its meaning. Finally the most effective way which Dickens uses to with-hold the readers attention is through the insane asylum of atmosphere. By using words such as raw, bleak, marsh and phrases like overgrown with nettles, dark plain wilderness etc.the writer makes the scene seem gloomy, drag and sad, and with the opening setting not only being in a churchyard, but a graveyard, we are subconsciously being prepared for M agwitchs arrival. Pip describes the river as a low leaden line This is a perfect example of Dickens art of alliteration. The word low is also representing the low spirit of Pip, The word Leaden makes us think of something that is heavy, colorize and dull, and the word line sounds very bland and boring. Also the way in which Dickens uses personification for example in calling the wind a savage beast, these words make us think of Pip a small helpless child who is out alone in what seems like an extremely retirement and scary place.We then fear for this young child and want to learn what happens to him so once over again the reader finds that they wish to continue in the book, and for the rest of the novel the drama and language that Charles Dickens uses makes us keep wanting to read on continues Therefore it is through using the techniques previously mentioned, of character presentation, domain of atmosphere and narrative, description and speech that Dickens gains and sustains his readers attention. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted schoolbook This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Why Framers Chose Federalism Essay Example for Free

Why Framers Chose Federalism EssayIntroductionFederalism is a arranging of administration that divides governing queen and authority surrounded by the interior(a) government activitys and the terra firma governments (Bowman). In 1787, the framers of the constitution chose this peculiar(prenominal) causa of government to rule over the United States. I will show you that the framers chose this system of government for several antithetical types of reasons. Reasons be because the national government was not strong enough, to hold the narrates sovereignty, and it will nurse someone liberty. I will also show you how the 10th Amendment, Concurrent Powers, and Block Grants each enforce to the federalist system of government. You will see why the framers chose Federalism and understand how Block Grants, Concurrent Powers, and the 10th amendment is important and ties into federalism. debile National GovernmentA reason why framers chose Federalism is because the national government was not strong enough. The type of government that was already in action which was confederalism which made the claims too democratic. There was no leadership. The separate person lands were actually considered stronger than the central government. Which made it so that the national government was unable to enforce laws and collect taxes as well as recommendations, having no national court system effective. There was a big lack of unity and common laws because the states were too independent and full of themselves. Federalism, on the other hand, gave the national government the great power that they needed to be more in control, let them enforce laws and collect taxes and balanced out the powers between the national and state governments.Maintaining The Sovereignty of The StatesFederalism also helped to maintain the sovereignty of every state. State sovereignty is the power of a state to do everything it can to self govern itself. This was very important because the states each set their own uniqueness and this helped them to keep that. Each state was still able to have their own laws, found what they want, just as long as it didnt conflict with the national government. For example, Texas could not make a law forbidding women to vote, because the national government has said that it is a right for all citizens of this country. There argon m any(prenominal) laws that the states may have, theres traffic laws, criminal laws, property laws and many others. For example, Colorado is allowed to supply the death penalty to someone who has committed a murder. Federalism made it so that the states were still able to do what they wanted to do, but with a little more control and organization.Protecting Individual libertyLiberty is the condition of being free from restriction. It is the right to act, believe, or express oneself in a manner. The Framers of the constitution believed that any governmental power was a threat to our individual liberty, and t hat the exercise of governmental power should be restrained. They mat up that to divide governmental power pr counterbalanceted the abusement of liberty. Since the powers is sh bed between the federal and state governments, it prevents either one of the governments from termination corrupt and denying personal liberty. Federalism also protects the liberty of all persons within a State by ensuring that laws that are enacted in excess of delegated governmental power cannot direct or control their actions.Federalism The 10th AmendmentThe 10th amendment is fundamentally almost the meaning of federalism. This brief statement says The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the wad. Which means, the powers that are not granted to the National government are given to the states or the people. It states the idea that local and national governments should share the power of governing which is exactly what federalism is. The 10th amendment was written to show the limited nature of the powers that were delegated to the national government. In delegating just specific powers to the federal government, the states and the people, with some down in the mouth exceptions, were free to continue exercising their sovereign powers. It served as a wonderful compromise for both states and the national government as a whole.Federalism Concurrent PowersConcurrent Powers is a big part of federalism. This is where the national government and the state government powers are shared. Concurrent Powers were mentioned by Alexander Hamilton in the federalist papers. He wrote that it was important for states to maintain their sovereignty and he felt that concurrent powers would help do so. For example, they each have the power to tax. The federal government has the power to tax its citizens, and the state government has the power to tax its residents. This refers to federal income tax which everybody pays and state income tax which is paid and imposed in the state which you live. Other concurrent powers includes building roads, protecting the environment, adoption money, creating and enforcing laws, borrow money, create lower courts, and charter banks and corporations.Federalism Block GrantsBlock grants are grants from the central government to the state government with general provisions as to the way it is spent. They tie into federalism because it shows the unity between the central and state governments, they both cooperate to help communities and the people. States usually use block grants for welfare, social services, education and urban development. For example, when the Republicans retook coition in 1994, they changed many federal grants into block grants. Instead of giving money to states to buy textbooks or ready schools, for example, Congress gave states blocks of money to spend on education in any way the states saw fit. other example includes me dicaid. It gives states the option to consolidate Medicaid and SCHIP funding into state acute conduct and long term care allotments. Block grants are very beneficial, they give more opportunity to state and local governments to help people in their communities. They also can reduce the amount of money spent on bureaucracy so that more can be dedicated to the area of need.ConclusionThe framers chose federalism for distinct reasons. It was very important for us to have a stronger national government, the states were to independent and it was destroying the unity. We needed to maintain state sovereignty, the uniqueness of each state was very significant. Protecting our individual liberty was a must. It was necessary for us to continue to have our individual rights and freedom. The 10th Amendment, Concurrent Powers, and Block Grants all play very important roles when it comes federalism.Without the 10th amendment, federalism wouldnt even exist. If it werent for concurrent powers, the t wo governments would be very separated and not very unified. Federalism and the factors that influence it is highly important to know about because it allows people living in different states with different needs and different interests to set policies suited to the people in their state, yet still come together with other states as one nation. It allows our nation to be more diverse and more unified, the way the nation should be.

Report on Robi Introduction Essay Example for Free

Report on Robi innovation EssayRobi, formerly known as Telekom Malaysia International (Bangladesh), commenced its operation in 1997 under the firebrand happen upon Robi among the pi sensationer GSM mobile telecommunications service providers in Bangladesh. Later, on 28th March, 2010 the comp either started its new journey with the brand name Robi. Ab out(a) our Shargonholders Robi is a Joint Venture caller-out between Axiata Group Berhad (70%) and NTT DOCOMO INC. (30%) Axiata Group Axiata is one of the largest Asian telecommunication companies focused on high growth low penetration emerging markets.The Group, including its subsidiaries and associates, has everywhere 130 trillion mobile subscribers in Asia and serves the needs of Asia by providing affordable and innovative mobile run covering over 1. 5 billion mess across 10 countries. The Group provides employment to over 25,000 people across Asia. NTT Docomo NTT DOCOMO is Japans premier provider of leading-edge mobile voice, data and multimedia services. With more than 56 million customers in Japan, the attach to is one of the worlds largest mobile communications operators.Building on a solid ground of research and development, and guided by its customer-first philosophy, the company leverages the power of mobile communications to enable customers to enrich paginate 1 of 5 sundry(prenominal) Policy Robi Axiata Limited HR Policy Manual Proposed By forefront human race Resources Officer canonic By Management Council in effect(p) 01 July 2011 Version 01 Document ID RAx/HR/001/11 their lives. DOCOMO is expanding its global reach through offices and subsidiaries in Asia, Europe and North America, as well as strategical alliances with mobile and multimedia service providers in markets worldwide.Our Purpose WE EMPOWER YOU We argon there for you, where you want and in the way you want, in order to help you develop, grow and make the most of your lives through our services. Our Guiding Princip les and formula of Conduct Maintaining the highest ethical standards and integrity in our operations is a crucial factor at Robi. and then we have introduced our Guiding Principles that we expect our employees to embed in their minds and uphold in discharging their responsibilities. Our Code of Business ethics safeguards our ethical standards by clearly defining our way of working.With such systems in place we ensure that we do business with a conscience and safeguard our employees from exploitation. We expect our employees to exemplify the guiding principles in their work and thwart their actions by the stipulations in the Code of Conduct. Robi employees hold themselves accountable to a set of Guiding Principles for the organization. Our Guiding Principles are at the core spot of our action action that imparting empower us to achieve chastity No matter what we do, in order to realize our purpose, we hold ourselves accountable to the sideline overarching guiding Principles f or our rganization knave 2 of 5 Miscellaneous Policy Robi Axiata Limited HR Policy Manual Proposed By headland Human Resources Officer Approved By Management Council Effective 01 July 2011 Version 01 Document ID RAx/HR/001/11 We allow be Creative in our way of work We will be Open to ideas and change, We will be Respectful and earn regard as We will be Ethical in our endeavors We will consequence a Simple approach in the way we work With Passion we will perform We will take Ownership of our actions Being Transparent will be our stanceOur Code of Conduct sets out the fundamental standards to be followed by us in our everyday actions on behalf of the Company. We must abide the following code of conduct Conduct the Companys business with honesty and integrity and in a professional manner. Build relationships with customers, vendors and fellow employees based on trust and treat every individual with respect and dignity. Become familiar with and come with the Company policies a nd procedures. Avoid any activities that could involve or lead to thing in any un honorful practice or any harm to the Companys nature or image.Avoid actual or potential conflicts of interests in all transactions. Provide accurate and reliable information in records submitted safeguard the Companys confidential information. Promptly report to the Company any violations of law or Company policies that come to the employees attention, and cooperate fully in any audit, enquiry, limited review or investigation by the Company. . varlet 3 of 5 Miscellaneous Policy Robi Axiata Limited HR Policy Manual Proposed By Chief Human Resources Officer Approved By Management CouncilEffective 01 July 2011 Version 01 Document ID RAx/HR/001/11 All employees must uphold these standards in the conduct of company business. If a decision is not covered by the Code, seek guidance from the Divisional Heads or Human Resources. Our approach to People The purpose of Robi is empowering you our cust omers, our stakeholder, and our employees. It is HRs vision to handhold the company, be its strategic partner, adding value in each step taken towards making Robi the employer of choice. We engage our employees and inspire them to achieve excellence.To ensure excellence, we devise people policies that are relevant and rigorous. Our policies assure that decisions will be self-consistent with and contributive to Company objectives. The Policy manual is an important guide for management in decision-making that affects employees terms of employment, working conditions and development prospects. The Manual truly belongs to the company as well as to the employee. Characteristics of this Manual The Manual has the following essential characteristics Robi people olicies are consistent with the Companys other policies such as finance insurance, business policy. The policies are reflected with the countrys existing law to ensure fairness. Policies are fair, flexible and realistic. Polici es and procedures will be reviewed when there are major changes. People policies are applicable for all permanent employees of the Company. The policies are clearly stated so that employees can clearly say them. Also HR will make necessary policy interpretations to the employees. Page 4 of 5 Miscellaneous Policy Robi Axiata LimitedHR Policy Manual Proposed By Chief Human Resources Officer Approved By Management Council Effective 01 July 2011 Version 01 Document ID RAx/HR/001/11 Policy Amendment process HR existing policies may be reviewed and will be revised in the policy manual. The Head of HR will review existing people policies and procedures and recommend for necessary changes in it. Also HR will assess and examine the need for introducing any new policy issues and bring those to the notice of the Management Council. The last decision and approval rest on the management authority.Once the management council approves any new policy or amendments to existing policy, it will b ecome the part of the Robi People policies Procedures Manual. Notwithstanding anything contained in this manual, the Management Council has the discretional power to make exceptions to any of the policy of this manual. It is very important that all concerned understand and comply with the people policies at the work place. Non-compliance of Company policy is clearly violation of policy and merits disciplinary actions. Page 5 of 5 Miscellaneous Policy

John Locke the State of Nature Essay Example for Free

John Locke the State of Nature EssayIn the chapter five of The Second Treatise of political science and A Letter Concerning Toleration, John Locke expresses his opinion ab off plaza. According to the Bible, all human being is the descendants of Adam and Eve, which mean that this world is common to all humankind. However, in order to that the property is signifi contributet to people, the property must be your own tete-a-tete property. The individuals are different from the land and other properties. Everyone is entitled to the private rights the personal private property may be obtained by the working, and the personal private property is out of the scope of the public property. Therefore, through manual labour, the public properties become privatization. Nevertheless, the privatization of public property is limited the flair to obtain the private property is only in the situation that does not damage others will be accepted by others. Only under such situation that people hav e provided take away imagings to others, can they gain own properties to achieve their satisfactory goals through contribution and work. God gives appraise to humans, but does not look forward to seeing humans utilise it improperly.God expects humans to share and use the treasure in proper way and by their own work. How much treasure people should earn should be decided according to how much they contribute and need. However, it is not ethical to get properties by violating others. When people cannot practice or distribute natural resources in proper ways, others turn such resources into their own properties via ethically appropriate implementation. The right of gaining property from work is prior than lands public-owned status, since most of what people gain is via their hard work alternatively of natural resources.Above all, if people are willing to work on and properly implement public-owned resource properly, such work will give property as a return. In addition, John Locke indicates that the agreement why currency came out was people was making efforts on storing some resource which tended easily to go bad, and making them better use and higher profits. Currency does not have actual observe, but its value is from the exchange of other resources. It is pointless to occupy extra property which exceeds the actual need and ability of using it, and is not honest either.

The closing scene of Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The shut photo of Macbeth EssayIn the closing medical prognosis of Macbeth, Malcolm refers to brothel keeper Macbeth as a fiend-like queen. Do you carry with Malcolm, or do you think she is non as evil as he depicts?I cannot amply agree or disagree with Malcolms proposal that she is a fiend. A fiend is a very fell depraved person, I not agree that she is this wicked but there is clear evidence to advise that she is evil, as Malcolm makes her out to be. But there is also evidence in a few chance upon images to show that she is not as evil as Malcolm makes her out to be but she is still not a pleasant person, and in order to evaluate her character I impart encounter to tonicity at these the key scenes, in which she appears. The setoff scene she appears in is Act 1 scene 5.Lady Macbeth receives a letter from her husband and is obviously very excited by the news and immediately decides that Macbeth shall belong king Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promisd Her reaction suggests that she is extremely ambitious woman and she doesnt quiver at what glory can come out of this for Macbeth and her.Lady Macbeth thinks Macbeth might not accommodate the spine to fulfil this final prophecy which is to slaughter the king, thou wouldst be great art not without breathing in but without the illness should attend it this quote suggests Lady Macbeth is round to take situation into her own hands.So in this scene it suggests Lady Macbeth is extremely ambitious.The next scene which is Act1 scene 7 it shows that Malcolms predictions seem unblemished because she is at her most pitiless.She questions him repeatedly in a taunting manner. She lectures him, asking him if he was too xenophobic to fulfil his ambition And lie a coward in thine own esteem she goes on to ask questions of his maleness when you durst do it, you were a man. Her most brutal declaration occurs when she claims she would rather kill her own baby feeding on her breast than abandon a promise I would, while smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from its boneless gums and dashed the brains out..In this scene Lady Macbeth is at her most ruthless and is a very depraved person.In Act 2 scene 2 we see a different side to Lady Macbeth, she is very anxious and concerned in case Macbeth gets caught and she is worried about the consequences. Her reaction would suggest that she has still a bit of humanity in her and this is reinforced when she says, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done it However, regardless of these revelations, Lady Macbeth is still portrayed in this scene as scheming and very strong willed. She keeps him clam as Macbeth goes to pieces. She chastises him for feeling sheepish and tells him not to dwell upon the deed These deeds must not be thought after these ways so, it will make us mad so Malcolms mop up that she is a fiend is not entirely true.In Act 2 scene 3 Lady Macbeth plays a minor role. Duncans body has be en discovered, along with Macbeth, she pretends to be shocked, Woe, alas What, in our house?Her fainting could have been pretence to divert her attention away from Macbeth, but this is the first time Lady Macbeth heard that Macbeth killed the guards so she could genuinely fainted. So there is no evidence in this scene to call her a fiend but the complete opposite because she is caring to Macbeth.The next scene which she appears in is Act 3 scene 4 Lady Macbeth plays a major role because it mark the point where Lady Macbeth looses touch with Macbeth.Lady Macbeth assumes that Macbeths strange behaviour is a result of a guilty conscience.She is nonetheless very resourceful in handling the situation. But Lady Macbeth covers up for him by adage he has had these fits from his youth, you shall offend him, and extend his passion feed your regard him not then she tries a tactical maneuver that was successful before by question his masculinityAre you man?So in this scene her concern is ob vious. Her love for Macbeth is possibly the best point in her character.In Act 5 scene 1 there is a lot of evidence to contradict Malcolms prediction, that she is a fiend like queen.Since the first time we saw Lady Macbeth in Act 1 scene 5 she is a alone different person, she has lost control her sanity has left her, she isnt very stable she totally broke down, this isnt a sign of a bad woman if she was she wouldnt have lost all her sanity and went on to kill herself. So this is putting a question mark over Malcolms prophecy and judgement.Lady Macbeths gentlewoman and the mendelevium make his audience aware of what has happened to her. Her ramblings and her performance suggest that she has suffered emotional disorder. She continually refers to the aftermath of Duncans murder. Yet who would have thought the old man to have much blood in him It is as if she is reliving the emergency of that night and this is intensified in the line, To bed, to bed, theres a knocking at the gateSo i n conclusion I cannot support Malcolms statement, though I can appreciate how a son whose father has been savagely murdered must have this personal opinion of her.

Trans-Disciplinary Integrated Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Trans-Disciplinary Integrated Knowledge EssayTrans-disciplinary integrated friendship (TIK) is one dimension in which the universities of the humanity should date to for effective future coping for empowerment of talent. TIK is a very critical area in the face scenario because of changing trends in the flow of information and the related technologies in industry and services. Today more(prenominal) innovative teaching and learning processes are needed.There is a need to find a harsh ground on which completely important disciplines such as engineering, social sciences, humanities, and so forth piece of tail see an association between each other to address the complexities of globalization. With this view in mind, it may be inquired how finding this common ground for trans-disciplinary collaboration can be possible. For this very reason, Ramalhoto (2006), tells us that at present it is positive to find chief executive officers of some multinational companies who now demand foresight and non hindsight.Today, they are not looking for marketing planners but for market strategists. To most CEOs of neo companies globalization demands for diversification of culture and sees enterprises as a source for value creation. Thus it is important to look at things more holistically now than ever before to compete in the climate globalization oddly considering the technological and scientific changes, which is possible by integration and interaction across all relevant knowledge areas.This is where the important of TIK falls in. The author further informs that it is a misconception to state that corporate demands and such media as the meshwork and ICTs have decreased the demand for developing universities indeed, empowerment of talent in globalization calls for specific vicissitude inside the university institutions to address its new basic function to teach students to be critical about all kinds of information .

Thematic Critical Paper Essay Example for Free

Thematic Critical Paper EssayTwo stories, drop off brill by Katherine Mansfield and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, are stories well-nigh two womens lives, so distinct and yet so similar. Mansfields send packing Brill is a character which does not set aside us with many details about itself. This is a fair sex who goes to the same park every sunlight to observe the same people, and is not given by the author any classicular details to her demeanor or character. The all exact thing we get about her from the bilgewater is that she is a teacher. Also the colloquy of a young couple in the end of the story gives us a little cerebration of the Miss Brills age.Here No, not now, said the girl. Not here, I cant.But why? Because of that stupid old thing at the end there? asked the boy.Why does she come here at allwho wants her? Why doesnt she keep her silly old mug at home? (Mansfield 124) the dialogue gives a tang that Miss Brill is probably a woman in her late forti es. So, the character of this story is not a strong individuality at all, besides is more like a mirror-character, which only reflects the story. And though the reader have the appearance _or_ semblances can read only about one small episode of Miss Brills lifespan, it is vividly understood from the context, that this short episode is actually a photocopy of her whole, everyday routine.This woman seems doesnt exist. The author shows a human being, living in the society, scarcely there are no interests, dear things, personal ideas or thoughts brought in there with her. It was like a play. It was exactly like a play. They were all on the stage. They werent only the audience, not only looking on they were acting. Even she had a part and came every Sunday (Mansfield 122).In Faulkners story A Rose for Emily we are told the life story of Miss Emily Grierson. Unlike in Miss Brill we find here more facts about her life events. We find some information about her background, her noblesse oblige (Faulkner 72), about her relatives, about her personal life, about her life activities, like china-painting etc. Not a small episode of Emilys life is described, but the author shows us its different stages, periods and accompanying them events. Nevertheless, it does not help us to reveal the Emilys character. We know nothing about her feelings, her thoughts and ideas about her life events.We meet no comments of hers as to the things happening with her in the story. We only can observe some changes in her appearance with the time flowing, but we are completely asleep of the characters inner world. We can find and read the judgmental statements or ideas as to Emilys life, what it must be or mustnt be like, of those surrounding her, like So we were not impress when Homer Barronthe streets had been finished some time sincewas gone.We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emilys coming, or t o give her a chance to get rid of the cousins.Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, at heart three days Homer Barron was back in town (Faulkner 73). All these we were not surprised, we were a little disappointed, we believed, we had expected show us that mainly this is a society, which forms a personality and presents it to the world, but not the personality itself grows and develops.So, to conclude it can be said that though the stories describe two different women, two different lives, different sets of circumstances, they still both tell us about people who seem to live in the society, but at the same time they are isolated and all alone. They are closed to the world, and their inner world is a mystery known by nobody. Are these two women old examples of the lost souls? Or are they usual people we come across with everyday? That is a forefront the stories make us think about.Works citedInge, M. Thomas, ed. William Faulkner A Rose for Emily. The Merrill Literary Casebook Series. Columbus Charles E. Merrill, 1970.Mansfield, Katherine. Miss Brill. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Eds. Kirszner, Laurie G,and Stephen R Mandell, 5th ed. Boston Wadesworth, 2004.

Electrical Properties Quantum Transport in Nanowire Device

Electrical Properties Quantum Transport in Nanowire DeviceDavid S. MurdochNanowires argon quasi one-dimensional rod- alike nanostructures with diameters in the smart set of nanometres (10-9m) and dumbfound seemingly unlimited length and a great degree of versatility. Nanowires function as monocrystals in a well defined crystal geometric direction. Nanowire geometry all toldows for easy contacting of the wires from twain sides. Attention is devoted to geometry of nanowires be fount this is the quality that allows for easy control of electronic properties of nanowires.1 Growth orientation (e.g. 100), the faceting arrangement (e.g. 100) and the surface structure (Si(100)) argon primarily outlined in nanowire investigations and argon a in general accepted notation to depict nanowires. A nanowire is change area and diameter is in order of magnitude far baseer than length of nanowire. As diameters gets larger, quantum effects kick the bucket less signifi wadt against bulk mate rial properties.Nanowires make water thermoelectric properties, specifically that they have advanced caloric stability and low thermal conductivity. Quasi one dimensional Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and nanowires be likely entangled materials for future electronic doodads.1 Nanowires electrical properties be easier to control than CNTS, therefore are an attractive resource to CNTs and of course passivated when semiconducting.1Under scrutiny, experimentally recrudescen nanowires always have passivated facets but further study of unpassivated (pristine) nanowires has demonstrate heavy mechanisms at an atomic-scale. One of which being that passivation is necessary to obtain nanowires with those controllable electrical properties.1Semiconductor nanowires can ferment from materials such asSilicon, SiIndium Arsenide, InAsGermanium, GeIndium Phosphide, InPGallium Nitride, GaNZinc Oxide, ZnOCadmium Sulphide, CdSNanowires can also be made from metallic elementlic materials and oxi dised to crop insulators but semiconducting crystalline nanowires are eventually much useful in devices. At the atomic-scale, although impurities are useful sometimes, small variations can cause serious unwanted alterations to electronic structure. 1Semiconducting nanowires are often fabricated via growth mechanisms or synthesised by electrochemical etching. These processes are often done in an aqueous solution with HF acid. The most usual method of nanowire growth is Vapour-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism. VLS is a bottom of the inning-up process that starts with the dissolution of gaseous semiconducting materials with colloids of a metal catalyst, generally gold or silver 2. The one-dimensional growth is evoked and dictated by the colloids. at a time the colloids are supersaturated with semiconducting material, crystalline nanowire growth will start to occur at a boundary betwixt solid substrate and liquidised material. This particular description was the growth of silicon nan owires.One usage of EE is the use Ag catalyst on wafer-scale Si to fabricate a nanowire array. Ag+ ions are reduced in the solution after musss are inserted into the valency band of Si substrate. The reduced Ag nanoparticles dictate the extent of the etching and oxidation processes. Vertically aligned nanowires result from this synthesis.3After both methods of fabrication, nanowires remained anchored to substrates and are uniformly dependent upon length of diameter for thermoelectric properties. However, wires from EE have much rougher surfaces than that of VLS.Si nanowires yielded from EE have much rougher surfaces than typical Si nanowires grown via VLS and have less thermal conductance.3A heterostructures are the sticks between two different crystalline semiconductor device materials essentially two different nanowire materials formed together to make one nanowire with unique properties. Heterostructures are commonly grown via VLS.2 These heterostructures allow nanowires to have multitude of properties.What is a semiconductor and how does it work. By strict definition, a semiconductor has a conductivity between 105 and 10-5-1m-1. This is in business line with insulators that have conductivity of approximately 10-24-1m-1 and metals that typically have 107 to 108-1m-1. On the face of them, these numerical values are rather meaningless but they do show that a semiconductor is separate from the other two, a true genuine third category of material.4How a semiconductor conducts is best described by a conductivity and valency band. The conduction band rests above the valence band. The conduction band contains excited electrons and the valence band contains holes. In an insulator the two bands are a coarse distance away from distributively other. In a semiconductor the two bands are much closer together, almost touching. If a bandgap is small enough, thermal vibrations may provide enough energy for some electrons to excite from the valence band to the co nduction band. In a metal the two bands overlap, leading to a low resistivity in metals.4 The draw beneath depicts what the above description.An intrinsic semiconductor has a completely filled valence band, electron and hole populations are always equal. 4 An extrinsic semiconductor is doped. Midway between the two bands lies the femtometer energy. Below the femtometre energy. At absolute zero, no electrons we be able to excite past the femtometre energy.12 In n-type and p-type semiconductors, the Fermi energy is adjusted to be closer to valence or conduction band.12 Between the two bandgaps there is a sea of electron density.A transistor is a semiconducting electronic switch and are commonly found embedded in integrated circuits. Down-scaling of the gate length over the years has technological devices reduce in size has caused field-effect devices to having significantly less static control of a path of conductance more capable device have been developed such as FINFETs, Tri gate transistors and ultimately gate-all-around devices (GAA).4Nanowire devices can come in all shapes, not sizes. Examples of nanowire devices are Field-Effect Transistors (FETS), LEDs, Tunnelling diodes, Elementary logic gates, lasers and biochemical sensors.4There are a go of different FETs but Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) might be the most interesting or relevant in near-future technologies and are examples of GAAs. MOSFETs are extrinsic semiconductors where the doped material has been oxidised for some insulating properties. If a metallic gate anode were deposited you have the foundation of an electrical switch. crystalline Carrier lodge density can be changed at the Fermi energy. If the semiconductor were p-type (i.e. abundance of holes in valence band) and a arrogant emf is applied to the circuit then the electrostatic energy of the holes increases. Although holes are pushed away from the anode, any attracted electrons do not compensate for the decrease in positive charge. The switching effect is reduced if charge can be stored at the interface between the insulating hindrance and the Si since the say-so of the silicon will be less than that of the applied gate.4When voltage is increased beyond a certain point electron concentration at the surface of the Si will snuff it the hole concentration. This creates the on/off switching effect. This gate voltage is large enough so that the bottom of the valence band moves down. The switching effect does not work with a metallic material because the valence band would be too high still and a Fermi energy could still concur current. The semiconductor band gap controls on/off electron currents.4Are nanowire MOSFETs superior? Smaller semiconductor gates allows speeds up operation from shorter distances, lower areas of capacitances and Larger fields but it is risky to store charge in a transistor so small and new quantum effects come into play at a nanowire-scale. One of the ca pabilities of these new technologies is to produce potentials which can confine electrons to the same scale as their Fermi wavelength. Nanowire MOSFETs can also be used in high frequency circuits.In electron microscopy high energy electrons are fired at an object and reflected electrons are collected and computed into an image. Electron microscopy generally has great magnifying power than optical microscopes. There are two main electron microscopes and they are Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM uses secondary electron to help generate an image that gives the viewer an impression of 3D while TEM fires at thinner objects at produces a 2D image but while ultimately be more useful for imaging nanowires.7Larger batteries potential differences require more conductive metals. In recent years Lithium has grown popular as a cathode. Semiconducting Si could be an attractive anode for Li cathode batteries as both metals become more ubiquitous. Although Si has low discharge potential and charge capacity 10x higher than existing graphite anodes and even more so than oxide and nitride materials, Si anodes in bulk form have limited use because silicons volume is drastically altered during extraction and founding of Li. Resulting in capacity fading and pulverisation after recharging cycles. This is depicted in the diagram below. 8Anodes made of Si films have a stable capacity over many cycles but are not executable as a battery because they waste away over time. Nanowire are a superior alternative to bulk materials because of a piezoelectric effect Crystals which acquire a charge when compressed, twisted or perverse are said to be piezoelectric. This provides a favourable transducer effect between electrical and mechanical oscillations.9 for distributively one Si nanowire is grown and electrically connected to a metallic substrate surface thus all nanowires contribute to the battery capacity.During Fossil fuel combustion 15 TW of heat is lost to the environment. Thermoelectric modules could potentially convert part of the heat waste to electricity.3 As of 2008, Bi2Te3 in its bulk form was the most commonly used material for thermoelectric devices. However, it is difficult to scale bulk Bi2Te3 to large-scale energy conversion in power plants but fabricating synthetic nanostructures of Bi2Te3 for this purpose is even more difficult and expensive. Thus, Bi2Te3 is re determined with increasingly ubiquitous Si.3 omnipresent Si, abundance with a low-cost and high-yield products thanks to economies of scale. Si also has advantages in thermoelectric applications. Critical spacings below 300nm in Si would reduce thermal conductivity since Si has larger differences in mean lay off path lengths between phonons (300nm) and electrons (110nm) at room temperature.3InAs-based semiconductor nanowires can already provide a convenient basis for the development of more complex hybrid nanostructures and can contact Sc hottky barrier-free with metals.6The InAs superconducting nanowires are fabricated via catalytic process based on the VLS mechanism.6 InAs nanowires can be grown epitaxially. Epitaxial growth means the deposited material continues to grow on the same crystalline lattice as its substrate.2A superconductor is material with with no resistance and generally operates at a lower temperature. Within semiconductors, there are electron pairs, separated by vast distance in comparison to the lattice spacing, are coupled. These so-called cooper pairs can exhibit boson characteristics and compact to a ground state since their attraction produces a small pair binding energy similar to the Fermi energy level.10A supercurrent generates no waste heat or any other form of waste. The supercurrent can be switched on or off by the electron density acting like a transistor as described earlier. Nanowires acquire superconducting properties because of the law of proximity effect, a phenomenon that can o ccur as make pairs of electrons from a superconductor flow into a conventionality conductor at a junction. Nanowires arent inherently superconducting or easy to make superconducting.6 The proximity effect manifests itself through the appearance of a supercurrent, which can be viewed as a consequence of the diffusion of Cooper pairs throughout the entire length of the nanowire section between the two superconducting electrodes.6 the proximity affect can only happen if the boundary between Superconductor and semiconductor allows electrons to move freely. Cooper pair tunnelling is an explanation of Cooper pairs where they are able to interact through quantum tunnelling. At a junction between two superconductors and a more resistive material i.e. S-N-S junction. Two Cooper pairs across from each other in two separate semiconductors, can feel an attraction and readily flow into the normal conductor dividing them. S-N-S junctions will also feel a Josephson effect. Cooper pair could be c reated in the superconductor electrons in the Fermi energy being reflected at the S-N boundary.6 This could be because of tunnelling effects.But what of Tunable supercurrent? How can a hybrid superconductor-semiconductor device work to observe quantum phenomena? Josephson behaviour occurs at critical currents. The nanowires allows the critical current to be controlled by voltage at a gate, Vg. If this voltage is negative then electron density is reduced and nanowires perform as the weak links between tunable superconductors.6 With the use of certain geometries, there is the possibility of controlling individual nanowires on the same IC.Majorana fermions are particles that are their own antiparticle.13 Not much is still known more or less Majorama pairs, not all the theory has been made to explain them and their properties yet. They are also examples of non-Abelian anyons.14 In the vicinity of a Zeeman field, semiconducting nanowires require strong spin-orbit to induce majorana pair ing in between electron states. This proximity effect induces a topological superconductor. Majoranas can be detected by Tunnelling Spectroscopy. A superpostion of Majorana particles states will always be zero energy because the particle and antiparticle have opposite energy.14 Said zero energy state can be found in a normal conductor acting as a junction.11How to summarise this dissertation? The labor movement received was to research and review electrical properties and quantum transport in nanowire devices. This task down into an explanation of base nanowires, specifically semiconducting nanowires. Then, general devices such as transistors, batteries and thermoelectrics were reported on and how certain applications have taken advantage of nanowires in respective devices. Then analyse of quantum effects in Cooper Pairs in superconductors and Majorama fermions. Technology is advancing at an exponential pace. The smaller components can be the more attractive they to companies who m anufacture and sell consumer products. The smaller a transistor is the more you can fit on an integrated circuit leading to smaller more powerful products. Majorama fermions and Cooper pair tunnelling probably use be used in any consumer applications in the near future but nanowire semiconductors in junctions placed between superconductors show means of electrically measuring quantum tunnelling. In the near future investigations of these particles will grow fabrication and measuring techniques and eventually manipulate and control Majorana qubits. They are examples of non-Abelian anyons14, quantum state after partilce counterchange making them ideal for use in topological quantum computing.13ReferencesR. Rurali, Structural, electronic, and transport properties of silicon nanowires, Reviews Of Modern Physics, 82 427-449 (2010)Law, M., Goldberger, J., Yang, P. D., Semiconductor Nanowires and Nanotubes, yearbook Review of Materials Research, 34, 83-122 (2004)Hochbaum, R. Chen, R. D. Delgado, W. Liang, E. C. Garnett, M. Najarian, A. Majumdar, P. Yang, Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires, Nature 451, 163-167 (2008)Crystalline Solids lecture notes http//cxs.phys.soton.ac.uk/mwf/mediawiki-1.21.2/images/7/70/2013_lecture_notes.pdfEgard M, Johansson S, Johansson AC, Persson KM, Dey AW, Borg BM, Thelander C, Wernersson LE, Lind E, Vertical InAs nanowire wrap gate transistors with f(t) 7 GHz and f(max) 20 GHz, Nano Lett. 10, 809-812 (2010).Y.-J. Doh, J. A. van Dam, A. L. Roest, E. P. A. M. Bakkers, L. P. Kouwenhoven, S. De Franceschi, Tunable Supercurrent by means of Semiconductor Nanowires, Science 309, 272-275 (2005)C. T. K.-H. Stadtlnder, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Mollicutes Challenges and Opportunities Modern Research and Educational Topics in Microscopy, 123 (2007)C. K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. McIlwrath, X. F. Zhang, R. A. Huggins, Y. Cui, High-performance lithium battery anodes using si licon nanowires, Nature Nanotech. 3, 31 35 (2008)Piezoelectric Effect, HyperPhysics http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/piezo.htmlCooper Pairs, Hyperphysics http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/solids/coop.htmlV. Mourik, K. Zuo, S. M. Frolov, S. R. Plissard, E. P. A. M. Bakkers, L. P. Kouwenhoven, Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices, Science 336, 1003-1007 (2012).Fermi Level, Hyperphysics http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/fermi.htmlLeijnse, M., Karsten,F., Introduction to topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions Topical review 1-20 (2012) http//arxiv.org/pdf/1206.1736v2.pdf place the Majorana Fermion, Sciencemag.org, http//www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6084/989.full.pdf