Tqm-an Approach Toward Good Governance

Total select heed An Approach towards Good Governance By *Uzma Akbar **Akbar S. Awan *FOUNDATION University Institute of Management and Computer Sciences Newlalazar, Rawalpindi. Pakistan **Principle WAH Engineering College, University of WAH WAH Cantt, Pakistan 1. Introduction The federal regimen of Pakistan (GOP) is presently organized into 48 divisions, 173 attached departments and 203 autonomous/semi-autonomous bodies (including unexclusive corporations, public domain banks and another(prenominal) public sector organizations). In addition to this, it also employs a military force of 0. 65 one million million million.It spends billion of rupees, and directly or indirectly, accounts for major part of our case economy. The GOP executes its non-defense related constitutional responsibilities through some 450,000 civil servants. These atomic number 18 further spread through 17,700 civil servants organized in federal secretariat, 113,000 civil servants in federal attached depa rtments and subordinate offices, 122,500 employees of Pakistan Railway and 196,800 employees in the autonomous bodies, public corporations and financial institutions. 1 Our public sector departments have created enormous financial excite on our limited national exchequer.They still adhere to obsolete anxiety practices which have been abandoned by most of the civilized countries. Leaving side a few organizations, our public sector is not thinking to improve the quality of services, whereas the crushing national debt calls for urgent cuts in cost of public functionaries. Poor management in federal government has serious consequences. Money is wasted, programs do not work, and Projects do not start or remain uncompleted for umpteen years. That is why Pakistani customers see and observe but assholenot complain. whole the complaints remain unnoticed all suggestions for improvement never get any response.Inside the government as tumesce bad management stifles the morale of internal customer and clay over at that place is designed to kill the initiative. The administrative management of our Government aims overhauling. The season has come to radically change the way, government operates. 2. Total timber in Government By Total grapheme in government we mean lean, decentralize and innovative government where people are flexible, adaptive, and quick to learn new ways when conditions change. They use customer choice and competition to get things done as creatively and effectively as possible.So when we talk about quality management in Federal Government, we too must rely on merchandise based incentives with less focus on conventional new programs. The concept of Total Quality Government goes beyond cost cutting in government. It is choose to apply the article of beliefs and tools of TQM. Many organizations have been fortunate with their TQM initiatives and derived such benefits as reducing costs, increasing productivity and customer satisfactiveness. 3. T QM Application By adopting TQM we will be adequate to(p) to provide the school of thought, mindset, tools and methodologies to Transform effectively.The use of TQM which refers to Performance measurement of organizations Customer management Process control Continuous improvement programs Best management practices This has proved to be an effective strategy for better the performance of not and Government organizations but also public administrations. 2 TQM is seen as the most comprehensive appeal to Quality thinkable for an enterprise. The pillars of Total Quality Management are T Q M T stands for Total. It is the Integration of the Staff, Suppliers, Customers and other Stakeholders.Away from Party-specific Thinking to a more than holistic approach. Q stands for Quality. It is the Quality of the work and the process of the Enterprise leading to Quality of Products. M for Management. It stresses the leadership task Quality and the Quality of leadership. From the enterp rises point of view TQM can be seen as a Leadership Model. there is no single theoretical formalization of total quality, but philosophers provide the middle assumptions, as Discipline and philosophy of management which institutionalizes planned and continuous improvement .It assumes that quality is the outcome of all activities that take place inside an organization that all functions and all employees have to record in the improvement process that organizations need both quality systems and a quality culture. 3 4. Quality Management Systems and Tools Systems and tools systematically inculcate and reinforce the TQ culture within an organization. QM starts with philosophical base-systems and tools are relevant after the philosophy is established. Most of the TQM efforts fail because organizations try to implement TQM techniques (Tools and Systems) without adopting the TQM philosophy.They start the journey from the wrong point. Instead of starting with the philosophy they try to archetypical use the tools and the systems without ensuring that at the very minimum, the philosophy is absorbed by the top management. 4 5. The Concept of Continuous Improvement by TQM TQM is mainly implicated with continuous improvement in all work, from high level strategic planning and decision-making, to detailed execution of work elements on the shop floor. It stems from the belief that mistakes can be avoided and defects can be prevented.It leads to continuously improving results, in all aspects of work, as a result of continuously improving capabilities, people, processes, and technology and machine capabilities. 6. follow through of Other countries Under the cover of TQM, US business and political leaders turned to quality to stay competitive on world market or to reclaim their host markets. Meanwhile like many other agencies, the US defense organizations faced, budget cutbacks and reduced staff. Using Quality management, however these organizations streamlined producers in man areas, increasing morale and saved an impressive amount of money. 5 The Government of Pakistan should try to adopt the process of Total Quality management as the core of its management style to solve its problem and re-structure. Such a strategy is being used in the entire European Union, USA, Japan and other actual countries for sustaining their economic growth. 7. Problems for Quality Initiative in Federal Government Improving service quality without increasing costs is more difficult to achieve in the public sector than it is in the private sector because elected officials must attempt continuously to balance the multiple conflicting goals of diverse interest groups.oer a decade ago Peter Drucker identified six ramparts to productivity improvement. These are Lack of make water performance targets Trying to do too many things at once Solving problems by throwing people at them Lack of experimental attitude Lack of elevation so nothing is learned from it vacillati on to abandon programs 6 If two or more sins are committed simultaneously, then they may lead to program failure. In short the quality approaches requires total changes in traditional management role. Most individuals and organizations in the public sector will find these changes very difficult to implement.Our Public sector organizations are facing more monumental hurdles because The discipline of a competitive global market place that provides incentive for radical changes to business, industry and other managers is missing in our government In many instances, our government prefers to act as protector for enforcement of policies based on political and social grounds. This leads to treat efficiency as secondary. The major barrier to accelerating quality management in government is the lack of strong consensus for change among top officials.They find little time for management issues unless problems directly invade on concerns of administration. 8. Objectives for implementing T QM Principles in Government brass instruments The quality of memorial tablet and government is the top enabler of rapid economic growth and strength of a country. Government must fulfill politically defined missions Enhance social values Deliver critical public betters to citizens The ability of the state to provide efficient and customer focused institution is fundamental to vibrant and broad based markets. In Pakistan there is a public perception that government institution Over promise and under deliver.There is false impression in the public sector about what is meant by efficient and customer focused institutions. Total Quality Management or TQM refers to motley approaches for improving the performance of organizations. Improvements and objectives for implementation of TQM principles in Government of Pakistan (GOP) organizations are as follows 7 Provide Platform for launching Good Governance Program In Pakistan collect to the lack of any organized models, process, lead ership and legal frameworks this aim could not be achieved. Measuring, controlling and mproving performance is specialized function to be addressed on professional basis rather than political grounds. In our country most of problems arise due to the political involvement of individuals. All developed countries tackle good governance through an organizational structure with the aid of professional and legal models. Citizen satisfaction Index The citizens Satisfaction Index of Public assessing the government organizations and offices must be raised continuously. Presently there is no formal method to measure Citizen Satisfaction Index i-e performance of the government.For example, the US government in early 90s started an organized campaign. They set the target to raise the CSI from 67% to 80% in subsequent time of 4 years. They launched a program called Reinventing the government and were successful in raising the CSI close to their target. The GOP needs to establish a framework for good governance and lay the foundation for improving the quality and productivity of public sector. This includes measuring, controlling and improving the performance of government that shall lead to overall increase in Citizen Satisfaction8 Raising the Quality and productivity Levels of GOP With the changing global scenario, the rapidly ontogenesis countries in ASEAN, are giving high priority to improving the quality and productivity levels of Governments. GOP has still not laid any professional foundation for improving its quality and productivity. The Government should join hands with nations with highly efficient and effective government offices. For this purpose training of the Heads of Departments, Promotional Campaigns and performance based rewards, (according to TQM) should be launched. Linking mingled with Federal and Provincial Governments The link of quality and productivity must be established between the federal Government and all the four provinces of Pakistan. Thi s means perseverance of performance goals for the higher authority. 9 9. Requirements of TQM in Government Top Management Commitment Commitment from top management may be the most critical portion in the success of any programs. In any government organization the senior managements commitment is essential and stimulates the implementation of a TQM program.Often, the first step is to convince senior managers of the financial and wider benefits and overcome any barriers that they may have. One of the best ways to do this is to identify obvious areas of cost decrease and environmental improvement and where to make immediate savings through no-cost or low-cost measures. This core element in Total Quality Management system model addresses management commitment. Top management must not only give a lead to the rest of the organization but also hear that the necessary decisions and actions are taken. Only top management has the motivation and the power to effect changes. 10 Employee Inv olvement The government should try to introduce new course of action in which the communication between the top management and employees increases. They should talk to as many employees as possible about their opinions relating to TQ implementation. Through this act top management will be able to assess their knowledge level and what bugs them about the initiatives they have seen in the past. Employees should be asked to give suggestions so that they would be more snarly and supportive new programs. TQM process covers the whole organization so all people will feel their ownership in this case. 11Cultural Transformation The just potential of TQM requires a fundamental cultural change. An organizations culture is the way organization behaves. It is the way everybody walks, talks, thinks and acts in everyday life. The culture of quality organization supports and nourishes the improvement efforts of every group and individual in the organization. The cultural change of an agency to TQ M requires the courage and commitment of leadership in order to implement a vision of values, ideas, goals and processes. Total Quality Government encourages the manager who innovates and motivates the workers who are free to improve and make decisions.But changing the culture is a lot harder than changing the rules and regulations. This is possible by Creating new incentives to accomplish more, through competition and customer choice Shifting focus of control that is empowering employees to use their judgment, supporting them with the tools they need Liberating agencies from burden of over regulations and control Building Awareness TQM generates a whole new corporate culture with an emphasis on customer satisfaction, a goal of unvarying improvement, and commitment to team-building and employee participation at all levels.In a quality organization, the vision, values and systems must be consistent with, and complementary to each other. 12 Empowerment deconcentrate the power to make decisions will energize our government to do everything smart, better, faster and cheaper. GOP policy makers should follow this decentralized approach. This style may reduce or resist employee frustration, increase sense of belonging and enhance morale and productivity of an entire organization. 10. Present Situation in Pakistan Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC)This is the main accreditation body in Pakistan responsible for accreditation of certification agencies, inspection agencies, system auditors and laboratories. It was established in 1999 and became operational in 2001. Its annual budget in 2003-04 was around Rs. 12 million. Out of this Rs. 3. 9 million was used for non-development and Rs. 8. 7 million was used for development. Its manpower is 37 persons. Listed below the table gives a comparison of Pakistans conformity assessment with India Pakistan India Responsible Organization Responsible Organization Reference Pakistan National Accreditation Qua lity Council of India Responsibilities Standards Council (Status) (Status) Number of accredited ISO 17025 3 400 Laboratories Number of accredited ISO Guides 62,66 2 14 Certification Agencies Quality Auditor Registration ISO 17022 Nil Nil Accreditation Bodys own ISO Guide 58/61 In Process Yes competence and Adoption prognosis of above table clearly point towards the lack of performance of PNAC (Pakistan National Accreditation Council). Due to poor performance of this important government organization, weak accreditation has resulted in shifty ISOs certification. This in turn has affected the following aspects Low creditability of certification agencies Testing facilities Inspection agencies Un-regulated quality culture Poor reputation 13 11. RecommendationsThe analysis and judgment of the National and Global scenario clearly leads to following recommendations National Performance Improvement Committee. There must be a pool of national experts in let on industrial and social sectors drawn from across the country on merit basis. The committee should provide top class expertise for creating a vision and centering to all the government organizations. The members of the council should be selected purely on professional and leadership grounds. Development of Public Sector Institutions. The GOP should try to focus on developing clear and concise mission statements and set goals/target for public sector institutions.This conceptual orientation will guide both the strategic direction of the organization and charge up the day to day decisions about what the departments do and how they do it. Differentiation of Performance and Output. There should be clear demarcation between these two aspects. The performance draw should be accepted if the source of collecting and reporting is reliable. It should invariably be related to organizational goals and objectives. The name of the game is Performance Audit. Public Accountability. All government organizations/institutions should be open to public scrutiny and accountability through the competent bodies such as parliamentary committees on various facets of government activities. Restructuring of regulative Mechanism.Traditional regulatory policy should be restructured into softer approaches for the purpose of promoting competitiveness and ensuring protection of environment and overall safety of the society. Use of Information Technology. This powerful tool of governance will aid our government executives to break down isolatory layers and expedite the delivery of services. New management system can transform our government. It will not only make it more productive but also cut the cost of government. Adoption of Customer first Approach. The quality organizations must learn to listen to the customers and help customers articulate their needs. Public sector department need to restructure their basic and routine functions to meet the customer need. Redefine the role of Auditors.Performance auditors should change their approach from pure inspection and auditing to helping the government departments to learn to perform better De-regulation and Empowerment. Federal and provincial Government should empower public agencies and institutions. Time tested principle of authority commensurate with responsibility should never be lost sight of. Re-engineering the Work and Office routines. The organizations should re-examine their programs and routines with a view to eliminating duplication of efforts and giving up obsolete ways of doing business. Facilitation of Economic Activity. Favorable environment should be created for public and private sector companies for their growth and expansion in the world market. Support entrepreneurial Activity. The GOP should make an endeavor to be in-step with global developments in the realm of business and public policy. Support positive initiatives required for industries and firms to continuously adapt and adjust their organizations and structures. For this we need to implement policies which move from conformity to competitiveness 12. Conclusion The extent to which various public sector organizations the values, principles and practices of TQM are variable in the extreme. In actual there is more talk than action so far. Many organizations still have no clear idea of the potential and purpose behind utilizing TQM.There are definite signs of eagerness on the part of public managers to move faster. The lack of organization-wide leadership, in quality is however the main stumbling block. It is too early to tell how our citizens would oppose and perhaps even would care to react on the direct benefits resulting from the governments quality initiatives. Nevertheless the race for quality in government sector organizations is far from over it has just begun. Bibliography 1. Tichey, N. (1983). Managing Strategic Change. New York John Wiley & Sons. 2. Mathew, S. (1973). Total Quality Manageme nt in the Industrial Sector, National Productivity Review. 3. Hill Stephen, (1991). why Quality Circles failed but Total Quality management might succeed. British journal of industrial relations. 4. James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay The Management and Control of Quality. Sixth Edition. 5. Dale H. Besterfield, hum Besterfield-Michna, Mary Besterfield-Sacre and Glen H. Besterfield. Total Quality Management. Third Edition 6. Top Management Commitment for TQM-A Process Model by Nadeem Yousaf 7. Quality, Productivity and Standards by working(a) stem for MTDF. 8. 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